A house isn’t just as old as when it was built. Over time, things get replaced or repaired, and that’s important to understand when looking at a home. I’m going to go through some of the major components and how long you should expect them to last, so you can plan accordingly as your home gets older.
The Bones of the Home
When we look at a house, there are some key components that must be considered: the foundation, structure, and roof. These require some upkeep, making it important to understand their maintenance history.
The core structure, including the foundation, walls, and roof (not the roof coverings—we'll discuss those later), should last between 80 to 100 years if well maintained. Proper maintenance usually comes down to keeping the elements at bay. For the foundation, this means ensuring good grading around the home to prevent water from collecting and pooling at the exterior walls. The exterior walls should have proper finishes, a raw sheet of OSB won’t last nearly as long as properly installed vinyl siding.
The roof is another key feature. When people think of a roof, they often picture shingles, but in reality, the roof is the entire support structure that gives the house its shape and directs water away. Protecting this structure with proper roofing materials is crucial. In North America, shingles can have a lifespan of up to 25 years, but our harsh Canadian weather can reduce that. The south-facing side of your roof may wear down faster due to increased sun exposure. You can prolong the life of your shingles by trimming trees back, and cleaning your gutters in spring and fall. Generally, you should plan for a lifespan of 15 to 20 years for shingles, and if you get more than that, you’re in good shape!
Major Systems
These are the components that often cause the most anxiety, especially for homeowners planning to stay long-term. They include heating, cooling, plumbing, and electrical systems, which are essential for comfort and functionality.
When it comes to heating and cooling, we typically refer to the HVAC system. The major components include the furnace, which heats the air and circulates it throughout the house, and the air conditioning condenser, which sits outside and cools the air before it is distributed indoors. While there are alternative heating and cooling methods, the furnace and condenser system is the most common. These components generally last between 15 to 25 years, provided they receive proper maintenance. Regularly changing air filters and keeping the condenser clean in the summer while covering it in the winter will help extend its lifespan.
Another important component of a comfortable home is the water heater. Most people rely on hot water daily, but these units don’t last forever. Water heaters typically have a lifespan of 8 to 10 years. Unfortunately, they often fail at the least convenient time, so it’s wise to budget for a replacement before it becomes an issue.
Your plumbing system is also important to be mindful of. Copper pipes should last 50+ years, PEX is in the same approximate time frame. And galvanized pipes will last the same but are very susceptible to corrosion. I know I have personally experienced a burst galvanized pipe in my house, it was a less than perfect day. Also a fun little trick if you ever want to know if you have a leak in your plumbing system, turn off every faucet, and go look at your water meter, is it moving? If it is moving, you have a leak or a drip somewhere in the system, and worth looking at further. When it doubt call a plumber, they’re a good resource to have.
Next up is the electrical system, or what we plug our cellphones into to charge them, among other things. These have long life spans, and usually outlast most things plugged into them. If you do have concerns about the electrical system you should contact an electrician as they are qualified to address such matters. And getting shocked hurts.
Windows and Doors
Windows and doors aren’t just about aesthetics—they play a crucial role in energy efficiency, security, and overall comfort. However, they don’t last forever.
Windows typically last between 20 to 40 years, depending on the frame material. Vinyl and fiberglass windows have longer lifespans and require minimal maintenance, whereas wooden frames demand regular upkeep to prevent rot and warping. If you start noticing drafts, condensation between panes, or difficulty opening and closing, it may be time for an upgrade.
Exterior doors, such as solid wood or steel doors, can last between 30 to 50 years. However, exposure to weather can cause warping, rust, or fading over time. Regular sealing, painting, or staining helps extend their longevity.
Garage doors are built to last between 20 to 50 years, though the automatic openers typically only last about 10 years before needing a replacement.
Interior Features
The inside of a home ages just like the exterior, and understanding the lifespan of key components can help with planning updates and renovations.
Flooring is one of the most frequently replaced features in a home. Hardwood floors can last over 100 years if properly maintained, with refinishing required every 10 to 20 years. Carpet typically needs replacing every 5 to 15 years, depending on foot traffic and material quality. Tile flooring is one of the most durable options, often lasting 50 years or more when installed correctly.
Kitchen cabinets can last anywhere from 20 to 50 years, but homeowners often replace them sooner due to wear and changing design trends. Countertops made from natural stone, such as granite or quartz, can last a lifetime, whereas laminate countertops generally need updating every 10 to 20 years.
Household appliances also have varying lifespans. Refrigerators typically last between 10 to 20 years, while dishwashers have a shorter lifespan of about 10 years. Ovens and stoves can function well for 15 to 20 years, while washing machines and dryers tend to last between 10 to 15 years before requiring replacement.
How Long Does Your Home’s Exterior Really Last?
Your home’s exterior takes a beating from the sun, rain, wind, and snow, so understanding its lifespan can help with maintenance and replacement planning.
Siding materials vary in durability. Vinyl siding can last up to 50 years with minimal upkeep. Aluminum siding is durable for 20 to 50 years, although it can dent over time. Wood siding has the broadest range, lasting anywhere from 10 to 100 years, depending on maintenance and exposure to the elements.
A fresh coat of exterior paint can enhance a home’s appearance, but its longevity depends on factors like climate and sun exposure. Typically, exterior paint lasts between 7 to 10 years before needing a refresh.
Other outdoor components have varying lifespans as well. Decks, depending on the material and maintenance, generally last around 15 years. Garage doors can last anywhere from 20 to 50 years, while garage door openers tend to have a shorter lifespan of about 10 years. Keeping up with these elements helps protect your home’s value and curb appeal.
Final Thoughts
A house isn’t just as old as the year it was built—its age is reflected in how well its components have been maintained or replaced. Whether you’re buying, selling, or simply keeping up with your home, understanding these lifespans can help with budgeting, renovations, and long-term planning. If you’re curious about how updates impact a home’s value, let’s chat!
Disclaimer: The information provided in this post is based on general estimates and the author’s opinions. Actual lifespans of home components can vary based on factors like climate, usage, and maintenance. Always consult a qualified professional (such as a home inspector, contractor, or tradesperson) for advice tailored to your specific home and needs.
